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Njihu me historinë Islame (Islami në ishullin e Siçilisë) 2

— 15 Janar, 2019 2 402 comments

Njihu me historinë Islame (Islami në ishullin e Siçilisë) 2

Depërtimi i myslimanëve në Siçili


Kjo gjë ka ndodhur në kohën e kalifes abasi El-Ma’mun nëpërmjet guvernatorit të Kajruanit princit të El-Egalibe Zijadetullah në vitin 212 të hixhretit.
Princi Zijadetullah mbledh një ushtri dhe i jep drejtimin e saj dijetarit dhe kadiut të Kajrauanit Esed bin El-Furat.
Imam Dhehebiu thotë: “Esed bin El-Furati ishte luftëtar dhe komandant i Zijadetullah El-Eglebij princit të Kajrauanit dhe ka çliruar një vend që quhet Siçilia. Ai ishte burrë trim dhe mbreti i Siçilisë erdhi kundër tij me një ushtri të përbërë me 150 mijë ushtarë. Disa thonë se e kemi parë Esedin duke mbajtur në dorë flamurin dhe duke lexuar suren Jasin pastaj u vërsul së bashku me njerëzit dhe Allahu i mundi mushrikët. Ata thonë: Esedit kur mbaroi beteja i kemi parë gjakun që kishte rrjedhur nëpër vijën e flamurit mbi parakrahun e tij dhe ishte tharë”. 
Ibn Adharij (historian i njohur i vdekur në vitin 695H) në librin “El-Bejan El-Mugrib” thotë: “Në vitin 212H Zijadetullah sulmoi Siçilinë me 70 anije që mbanin 700 kuaj. Kadiu Esed bin El-Furat i kërkon Zijadetullahut për të marrë pjesë dhe ai ia jap atij drejtimin e ushtrisë duke ia miratuar edhe postin e kadiut bashkë me udhëheqjen e ushtrisë. Ai doli bashkë me fisnikët e Afrikës të përbërë prej: arabëve, ushtarëve, barbarëve, andaluzianëve dhe dijetarëve në një mobilizim dhe përgatitje të madhe në muajin Rabij El-Euuel” 
 Ibn El-Ethir thotë: “Në vitin 212 të hixhretit ushtria e myslimanëve mbërrin në qytetin Mazzara të Siçilisë dhe u ndeshën me Palatën (sundimtarin e ishullit) në një betejë të ashpër të cilën e fitojnë myslimanët duke mundur romakët dhe duke fituar shumë plaçka, pasuri dhe kafshë ndërsa Palata largohet për në Kalabri dhe atje vritet”. 
Pra, depërtimi i myslimanëve në Siçili ka ndodhur në vitin 212H nën drejtimin e dijetarit Esed bin El-Furat dhe me mbështetjen e prijësit Zijadetullah El-Eglebij dhe fitorja e tyre mbi Palatën u hapi rrugën për zgjerimin e zotërimeve të tyre në ishull.

Tradhtia e Fimit.
Ibn El-Ethir tregon: “Myslimanët arritën të marrin në dorë disa kështjella në ishull dhe mbërritën te një kështjellë e cila njihet me emrin Kështjella e Kurathit në të cilën ishin mbledhur shumë njerëz. Ata e mashtruan kadiun Esed bin El-Furat komandantin e myslimanëve dhe iu nënshtruan mirëpo Fimi kur i pa, anoi nga ata dhe u dërgoi lajm që të qëndrojnë dhe të ruajnë vendin e tyre. Ata i dhanë Esedit haraçin dhe i kërkuan që të mos afrohej dhe ai pranoi dhe u largua për disa ditë. Ata kështu u përgatitën për rrethim dhe e kundërshtuan Esedin dhe ai e filloi përsëri luftën me ta”. 
 Përfundimi i Fimit ka qenë në kështjellën e Ennas në vitin 213H dhe ja çthotë Ibn El-Ethir: “Myslimanët arritën te kështjella e Ennas së bashku me Fimin dhe banorët e saj i dolën atij përpara dhe i puthën token para këmbëve të tij dhe i premtuan se do ta bënin prijësin e tyre dhe kështu e mashtruan pastaj e vranë”.

Vdekja e Esed bin El-Furat -Allahu e mëshiroftë-!
Në vitin 213 të hixhretit kur Esed bin El-Furat po mbante të rrethuar Sirakuzën, në anën e myslimanëve ishte shfaqur një epidemi dhe për shkak të saj vdiqën shumë njerëz mes tyre dhe Esed bin El-Furati.
Esed bin El-Furati -Allahu e mëshiroftë- në këtë kohë ishte afro 70 vjeç por megjithatë me besim te Allahu dhe vullnet të fortë mori përsipër një punë shumë të vështirë dhe i hapi dyert e Sicilisë për një epokë të re që do të zgjaste për 250 vjet me radhë.

Sicilia pas Esed bin El-Furatit.
Çlirimi i Siçilisë nuk u bë njëherazi dhe kjo për dy arsye: 
E para: Siçilia ishte ishull dhe bizantët i sulmonin myslimanët herë pas here nga deti duke rritur kështu rezistencën e banorëve vendas. Sirakuza, Enna dhe Taormina ishin qytetet që kanë pasur rezistencën më të madhe.
E dyta: Egalibët sundimtarët e Kajruanit të cilët kishin në dorë çështjen e Siçilisë shpesh herë detyroheshin ta ndërprisnin mbështetjen e tyre për luftëtarët në Siçili për tu përballur me trazirat e brendshme në Afrikë.
Në vitin 216 të hixhretit çlirohet Palermo dhe çlirimi i saj u bë shkak për vazhdimin e më tejshëm në plotësimin e çlirimit të ishullit sepse edhe vendi kishte pasuri të vetat por edhe ndihmat nga Afrika u vinin më lehtë.
Në vitin 244 të hixhretit u çlirua Enna që arabët e quajnë Kasrujana.
Në vitin 264 të hixhretit u çlirua Sirakuza nën udhëheqjen e prijësit Xhafer bin Muhamed.
Në vitin 289 të hixhretit u çlirua Taormina që arabët e quajnë Tabermin.
Gjatë kohës së sundimit të myslimanëve në Sicili ka pasur edhe zgjerime në pjesët e tjera të Italisë si Kalabria e cila pothuajse ishte nën ndikimin e tyre. Po ashtu për disa kohë ata ndërhynë në Napoli, Otranto, Brindisi dhe Bari madje Bari u qeveris për 25 vjet prej tyre në kohën e Khulfun El-Berberij. Ata gjithashtu shtinë në dorë edhe Maltën në vitin 256H.
Gjatë kohës së sundimit të tyre pati edhe trazira të brendshme siç ishin ato të ndryshimit të pushtetit nga Egalibët te Fatimijinët pastaj te Beni Kelbët, apo ato pas rënies së pushtetit të Beni Kelbët siç pati sulme të jashtme nga bizantët të cilat ua dobësonin pushtetin.

Rënia e Sicilisë.
Sicilia arriti t’i mbijetojë sulmeve të jashtme derisa në skenë shfaqet një armik i ri dhe ata ishin normanët.
Normanët ishin fise vikinge të Evropës veriore që u dynden në drejtim të Evropës jugore. Ata në nga viti 400H-444H po shtinin në dorë Italinë jugore Pulian dhe Kalabrinë.
Në vitin 444H një kryengritës nga Siçilia me emër Ibn Eth-Thimne pasi dështon në kryengritjen e tij shkon dhe u kërkon ndihmë normanëve dhe ja çfarë thotë Ibn El-Ethiri në librin El-Kamil fij Et-Tarikh:
“Ibn Ethimne kur pa se kryengritësit e tij u shpartalluan i nxitur nga mllefi shkoi t’ju kërkojë ndihmë jomyslimanëve ……. ai shkoi te Rugero dhe i thotë: Të premtoj sundimin e ishullit! Ai i thotë: Nuk kemi mundësi sepse atje ka shumë ushtarë. Ibn Ethimne i thotë: Ata janë të përçarë dhe shumica e tyre ma dëgjojnë fjalën dhe nuk më kundërshtojnë. Kështu ata u nisen me të në vitin 444H për të pushtuar ishullin”.
Normanët më pas filluan të zgjeroheshin në ishull derisa në vitin 484H marrin nën sundim të gjithë ishullin dhe kështu mbyllet epoka islame e sundimit të Sicilisë edhe pse prezenca e myslimanëve në ishull vazhdoi edhe pas rënies së tij. Këtë e tregon shtegtari i njohur andaluzian Ibn Xhubeir që ka jetuar 540H-614H dhe që ka mbërritur në këtë ishull në vitin 580H (dmth: afro 100 vjet pas rënies së sundimit të myslimanëve) në kohen e sundimit të mbretit Ëilliam i dytë. Ja çfarë thotë Ibn Xhubeir në librin e tij:
“Nuk ka në Missina (qytet i Siçilisë) prej myslimanëve veçse një numër i vogël zejtarësh prandaj dhe një mysliman i huaj –si unë- ndihet i vetmuar. Qyteti më i mirë i tyre është qendra e pushtetit të tyre të cilën myslimanët e quajnë Medine, kurse të krishterët e quajnë Palermo. Aty banojnë myslimanët e civilizuar të cilët kanë xhami, tregje të veçanta dhe kopshte”
Pastaj tregon: “Për sa i përket robëreshave të mbretit……që të gjitha ishin myslimane. Prej gjërave më të çuditshme që më ka treguar shërbëtori i tij Jahja bin Fitjan Et-Tarraz i cili bënte punën e qëndisjes te mbreti: Frënget e krishtera kur hyjnë në pallatin e tij kthehen në myslimane. I kthejnë ato në myslimane robëreshat e përmendura gjë të cilën e bënin në fshehtësi nga mbreti dhe ishin shumë të çuditshme në veprimin e punëve të mira. Ai më tregoi se një herë ra termet në ishull, gjë që e frikësoi këtë mbret mushrik dhe ai kur nxirrte kokën nga pallati i tij nuk shihte veçse njerëz që përkujtonin Allahun dhe profetin e tij prej shërbëtoreve dhe shërbëtorëve të tij. Ata frikësoheshin kur e shihnin atë por ai i qetësonte duke u thënë: secili ta kujtojë të adhuruarin e tij sipas asaj që beson”. 
Ai tregon gjithashtu se gratë e krishtera në ishull visheshin si myslimanet: “Veshjet e grave në këtë qytet ishin si veshjet e grave të myslimanëve. Ato flisnin gjuhë të pastër, mbuloheshin dhe vinin perçe në fytyrë”.

 

Shkroi: Dr Abdullah Nabolli

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